Source
Source for: Adela Gerloc, 912 - 14 OCT 962
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Name source: S190Page: Gerloc (or Geirlaug), baptised in Rouen as Adela (or Adèle) in 912, was the daughter of Rollo, first duke of Normandy, and his wife, Poppa. She was the sister of Duke William Longsword. 2013-02-03
Text: Gerloc
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Gerloc
Spouse(s)William Towhead
Noble familyHouse of Normandy
FatherRollo of Normandy
MotherPoppa of Bayeux
Died14 October 962
Gerloc (or Geirlaug), baptised in Rouen as Adela (or Adèle) in 912, was the daughter of Rollo, first duke of Normandy, and his wife, Poppa. She was the sister of Duke William Longsword.
In 935, she married William Towhead, the future count of Poitou and duke of Aquitaine. They had two children together before she died on 14 October 962:
William IV of Aquitaine
Adelaide of Aquitaine, wife of Hugh Capet
Page: Gerloc (or Geirlaug), baptised in Rouen as Adela (or Adèle) in 912, was the daughter of Rollo, first duke of Normandy, and his wife, Poppa. She was the sister of Duke William Longsword. 2013-02-03
Text: Gerloc
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Gerloc
Spouse(s)William Towhead
Noble familyHouse of Normandy
FatherRollo of Normandy
MotherPoppa of Bayeux
Died14 October 962
Gerloc (or Geirlaug), baptised in Rouen as Adela (or Adèle) in 912, was the daughter of Rollo, first duke of Normandy, and his wife, Poppa. She was the sister of Duke William Longsword.
In 935, she married William Towhead, the future count of Poitou and duke of Aquitaine. They had two children together before she died on 14 October 962:
William IV of Aquitaine
Adelaide of Aquitaine, wife of Hugh Capet
Source
Source for: Rollo, ABT 846 - ABT 931
Index
Name source: S190Page: Rollo (c. 846 – c. 931), baptised Robert[1] and so sometimes numbered Robert I to distinguish him from his descendants, was a Norse nobleman of Norwegian or Danish descent and founder and first ruler of the Viking principality which soon became known as Normandy. His descendants were the Dukes of Normandy, and by later extension, the King of England. 2013-02-03
Text: Rollo
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Rollo of Normandy)
Rollo
Duke of Normandy
Reign911–927
PredecessorNew creation
SuccessorWilliam I
Bornc. 846
Diedc. 931
Normandy
BurialRouen Cathedral
Rollo (c. 846 – c. 931), baptised Robert[1] and so sometimes numbered Robert I to distinguish him from his descendants, was a Norse nobleman of Norwegian or Danish descent and founder and first ruler of the Viking principality which soon became known as Normandy. His descendants were the Dukes of Normandy, and by later extension, the King of England.
The name "Rollo" is a Latin translation from the Old Norse name Hrólfr, modern Icelandic name Hrólfur and Scandinavian name Rolf (cf. the latinization of Hrólfr into the similar Roluo in the Gesta Danorum), but Norman people called him by his popular name Rou(f) (see Wace's Roman de Rou).[2] Sometimes his name is turned into the Frankish name Rodolf(us) or Radulf(us) or the French Raoul, that are derived from it.[Note 1]
Historical evidence
Rollo was a powerful Viking leader of contested origin. Dudo of Saint-Quentin, in his De moribus et actis primorum Normannorum ducum,[3] tells of a powerful Danish nobleman at loggerheads with the king of Denmark, who had two sons, Gurim and Rollo; upon his death, Rollo was expelled and Gurim killed. William of Jumièges also mentions Rollo's prehistory in his Gesta Normannorum Ducum, but states that he was from the Danish town of Fakse. Wace, writing some 300 years after the event in his Roman de Rou, also mentions the two brothers (as Rou and Garin), as does the Orkneyinga Saga.
Norwegian and Icelandic historians identified Rollo instead with Ganger Hrolf (Hrolf, the Walker), a son of Rognvald Eysteinsson, Earl of Møre, in Western Norway, based on medieval Norwegian and Icelandic sagas. The oldest source of this version is the Latin Historia Norvegiae, written in Norway at the end of the 12th century. This Hrolf fell foul of the Norwegian king Harald Fairhair, and became a Jarl in Normandy. The nickname "the Walker", "Ganger" in Norse, came from being so big that no horse could carry him.
The question of Rollo's origins was a matter of heated dispute between Norwegian and Danish historians of the 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly in the run-up to Normandy's millennium anniversary in 1911. Today, the debate continues.
Latin Wikisource has original text related to this article:
De moribus et actis primorum Normannorum ducum
Claimed Yngling lineage leading to Rollo
The Yngling "Fairhair dynasty" lineage introduced in Hversu Noregr byggðist ("How Norway was settled") and the Orkneyinga and Heimskringla sagas suggests a line of Rollo going back to Fornjót, the primeval "king" who "reigned over" Finland and Kvenland.[citation needed] The claimed line leading to Rollo includes Rognvald Eysteinsson, the founder of the Earldom of Orkney.[citation needed]
Raids along the Seine
In 885, Rollo was one of the lesser leaders of the Viking fleet which besieged Paris under Sigfred. Legend has it that an emissary was sent by the king to find the chieftain and negotiate terms. When he asked for this information, the Vikings replied that they were all chieftains in their own right. In 886, when Sigfred retreated in return for tribute, Rollo stayed behind and was eventually bought off and sent to harry Burgundy.
Later, he returned to the Seine with his followers (known as Danes, or Norsemen). He invaded the area of northern France now known as Normandy.
In 911 Rollo's forces launched a failed attack on Paris before laying siege to Chartres. The appeals for help of the Bishop of Chartres, Joseaume, were answered by Robert, Marquis of Neustria, Richard, Duke of Burgundy and Manasses, Count of Dijon. On 20 July 911, at the Battle of Chartres, they defeated Rollo despite the absence of many French barons and also the absence of the French King Charles the Simple.[4]
The Principality of Normandy
In the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte (911) with King Charles, Rollo pledged feudal allegiance to the king, changed his name to the Frankish version, and converted to Christianity, probably with the baptismal name Robert.[5] In return, King Charles granted Rollo land between the Epte and the sea as well as Parts of Brittany [a] and according to Dudo of St. Quentin, the hand of the King's daughter, Gisela, although this marriage and Gisela herself are unknown to Frankish sources. He was also the titular ruler of Normandy, centered around the city of Rouen. There exists some argument among historians as to whether Rollo was a "duke" (dux) or whether his position was equivalent to that of a "count" under Charlemagne.
According to legend, when required to kiss the foot of King Charles, as a condition of the treaty, he refused to perform so great a humiliation, and when Charles extended his foot to Rollo, Rollo ordered one of his warriors to do so in his place. His warrior then lifted Charles' foot up to his mouth causing the king to fall to the ground.[6]
After 911, Rollo stayed true to his word of defending the shores of the Seine river in accordance to the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, however he also continued to act like a Viking chief with attacks on Flanders.
After Charles was deposed by Robert I, Rollo considered his oath to the King of France to be over. It started a period of expansion westwards. Negotiations with French barons ended with Rollo being given Le Mans and Bayeux and continued with the seizure of Bessin in 924. The following year saw the Normans attack Picardy.
Rollo began to divide the land between the Epte and Risle rivers among his chieftains and settled there with a de facto capital in Rouen. Eventually[when?] Rollo's men intermarried with the local women, and became more settled as Normans.[clarification needed]
Family
Two spouses are reported for Rollo:
1. Poppa, said by chronicler Dudo of Saint-Quentin to have been a daughter of Count Berenger, captured during a raid at Bayeux. She was his mistress or wife[7] perhaps by more danico[8] They had issue:
William Longsword, born "overseas".
Gerloc, wife of William III, Duke of Aquitaine. Dudo fails to identify her mother, but later chronicler William of Jumieges makes this explicit.
(perhaps) Kadlin, said by Ari the Historian to have been daughter of Ganger Hrolf, traditionally identified with Rollo. She married a Scottish King called Bjolan, and had at least a daughter called Midbjorg, she was taken captive by and married Helgi Ottarson.
2. (traditionally) Gisela of France (d. 919), the daughter of Charles III of France.
Death
Rollo's grave at the cathedral of Rouen
Sometime around 927, Rollo passed the fief in Normandy to his son, William Longsword. Rollo may have lived for a few years after that, but certainly died before 933. According to the historian Adhemar, 'As Rollo's death drew near, he went mad and had a hundred Christian prisoners beheaded in front of him in honour of the gods whom he had worshipped,[citation needed] and in the end distributed a hundred pounds of gold around the churches in honour of the true God in whose name he had accepted baptism.' Even though Rollo had converted to Christianity, some of his prior religious roots surfaced at the end.[9]
Legacy
Rollo is the great-great-great-grandfather of William the Conqueror. Through William, he is an ancestor of the present-day British royal family, as well as an ancestor of all current European monarchs and a great many pretenders to abolished European thrones. A genetic investigation into the remains of Rollo's grandson Richard I and great-grandson Richard II has been announced, with the intention of discerning the origins of the famous Viking warrior.[10]
The "Clameur de Haro" in the Channel Islands is, supposedly, an appeal to Rollo.
Footnotes
^ The precise identity of Breton lands ceded to Rollo is not certain. Charles did not control Brittany, and there was a March, or buffer zone, to protect Neustria (Western Francia) from the Bretons and the Vikings who occupied the Breton territories from 907 to 939. From 907 Brittany was itself subject to a separate series of Viking invasions, and their Ducal heir, Alan II, fled to England for a time. Alan II returned to expel the vikings and re-established his line's rule over Brittany by 939. In 907 the Breton lands included the Contentin Peninsula and by 939 the peninsula appeared to have become part of Normandy.
[edit]Depictions in fiction
Rollo is the subject of the 17th century play Rollo Duke of Normandy written by John Fletcher, Philip Massinger, Ben Jonson, and George Chapman. He is also a minor character in the romance novel, The Reluctant Viking by Sandra Hill. His wife Poppa and his son William are also minor characters.
See also
Normandy portal
Brittany portal
Viking Age
Rulers of Normandy
Clan Rollo
External links
D.C. Douglas, "Rollo of Normandy", English Historical Review, Vol. 57 (1942), pp. 414–436
Robert Helmerichs, [Rollo as Historical Figure]
Rosamond McKitterick, The Frankish Kingdom under the Carolingians, 751-987, (Longman) 1983
Dudonis gesta Normannorum - Dudo of St. Quentin Gesta Normannorum Latin version at Bibliotheca Augustana
Dudo of St. Quentin's Gesta Normannorum - An English Translation
Gwyn Jones. Second edition: A History of the Vikings. Oxford University Press. (1984).
William W. FitzHugh and Elizabeth Ward. Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga. Smithsonian Institution Press. (2000)
Eric Christiansen. The Norsemen in the Viking Age. Blackwell Publishers Ltd. (2002)
Agnus Konstam. Historical Atlas of the Viking World. Checkmark Books. (2002)
Holgar Arbman. Ancient People and Places: The Vikings. Thames and Hudson. (1961)
Eric Oxenstierna. The Norsemen, New York Graphics Society Publishers, Ltd. (1965)
Cawley, Charles, Medieval Lands on Ragnvald the Wise, the father of Ganger Hrolf, traditionally identified with Rollo, but see the following link below, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, retrieved August 2012,[better source needed]
Stewart Baldwin Henry Project: "Rollo "of Normandy", on disputed parentage of Rollo
Descendants of Rollo
Sturluson, Snorri. Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway, translated Lee M. Hollander. Reprinted University of Texas Press, Austin, 1992. ISBN 0-292-73061-6
handrit.is (previously Saganet): Orkneyinga saga
English translation:
Orkneyinga Saga: The History of the Earls of Orkney. Trans. Pálsson, Hermann and Edwards, Paul. Hogarth Press, London, 1978. ISBN 0-7012-0431-1. Republished 1981, Harmondsworth: Penguin. ISBN 0-14-044383-5.
Orkneyinga Saga. Trans A.B. Taylor. London, 1937.
The Orkneyingers Saga (Icelandic Sagas, and other historical documents relating to the settlements and descents of the Northmen on the British Isles, Volume III). Translated by George Dasent (1894). London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Reprinted 1964 by Kraus Reprint. Text available at Sacred Texts and Northvegr.
"Fundinn Noregr" ('Discovery of Norway'), opening portion of The Orkneyingers' Saga. Trans. Chappell, Gavin (2004) Northvegr: The Discovery of Norway.
Thaler, David (2008-12-08). "Section P: Descendants of Halfdan the Old".
"Frá Fornjóti ok hans ættmönnum" in the Fornaldarsögur Norðurlanda, Old Norse text of Hversu Noregr byggdisk (including the Ættartolur) and Fundinn Noregr at Snerpa: Netúgáfan: Fornrit and University of Oregon: Norse: Fornaldarsögur norðurlanda.
van Houts, Elisabeth (2000). The Normans in Europe. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press. pp. 41.
For other uses, see Rollo (disambiguation).
[edit]Notes
^ Rou is the result of a series of French regular phonetic changes from Hrólfr > Rolf > Rouf to Rou (see Lepelley 15-16) and Norman names in -ouf and -ou(t) : I(n)gouf and Ygout < Old Norse Ingulfr / Ingólfr (Old Danish Ingulf). The variant form Rollo is just a latinization of the root Rol(l)- + Latin suffix -o / -one-, after the Latin names in -o. cf. Cicero / Cicerone and the latinized Germanic short names in -o > -o / -on, instead of -an in Germanic cf. Bero / Beran (see Lepelley 15-16). That is the reason why his name is Rollon in Standard French. Rollo is also known in the documents as Radulf(us) (Old Low Franconian) (or sometimes Rodulf(us)) > French Raoul, that is the French translation of Hróðulfr > Hrólfr, according to the Low Franconian variant form Radulf of Germanic Rodulf / Rudolf.
[edit]References
^ David Crouch, The Normans:The History of a Dynasty, (Hambledon Continuum, 2002), 8.
^ René Lepelley, Guillaume le duc, Guillaume le roi : extraits du Roman de Rou de Wace, Centre de publications de l'Université de Caen, Caen, 1987, p. 15 and 16.
^ Dudo of Saint-Quentin (1015-1030). "De moribus et actis primorum Normannorum ducum" (in Latin). Historia Normannorum. Wiksource.
^ Francois Neveux. A Brief History of The Normans. Constable and Robinson Ltd. 2006; p. 62.
^ Roman de Rou, Wace.
^ Holden, A.J. (1970). Le Roman de Rou de Wace. Paris: Éditions A.J. Picard. p.54. Lines 1147-1156.
^ Stewart Baldwin, F.A.S.G., Henry Project:"Poppa".
^ Philip Lyndon Reynolds: Marriage in the Western Church: the Christianization of marriage during the Patristic and Early Medieval Periods (2001).
^ van Houts, Elisabeth (2000). The Normans in Europe. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press. pp. 41
^ "Viking is 'forefather to British Royals'". Views and News from Norway. 15 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-15..
van Houts, Elisabeth (2000). The Normans in Europe. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press. pp. 41
Name source: S525Page: The historical truth behind Rollo August 11, 2015 VR97
Text: Rollo is one of the main characters of History Channel’s Vikings which is played by the British actor Clive Standen. Although portrayed in the TV series as the brother of Ragnar Lodbrok, in actuality, according to the Norse sagas, Rollo is completely unrelated to the 9th century legendary Viking chieftain. While the producers and writers of History Channel’s Vikings accurately link Rollo as being the first Duke of Normandy, they also exceed to a considerable extent the artistic license in depicting his destiny throughout the three season of the TV series that have been released to date.
According to the same Norse sagas, Rollo was likely born during the late part of the 9th century (in c. 846) in Møre, modern Norway. In spite of the fact that concise details about his origins remain quite obscure even to this date, it is known from his later social status of jarl that he was raised in a family of noble warriors. There is an ongoing controversy between the Danish and the Norwegian historians regarding Rollo’s ethnicity, with both sides claiming he was either Danish or Norwegian.
In most of the Old Norse texts, Rollo is known under the name Hrólfr, Rollo being its translated counterpart in Latin texts. In other sagas, such as the Icelandic ones, Rollo’s name is actually Ganger Hrólf.
What is certainly known about Rollo’s life is that he was the first Duke of Normandy and that he was subsequently baptised under the name Robert. Prior to his arrival in northwest France where he would firstly take part in frequent raids along the Seine river, Rollo journeyed to both Scotland and Ireland where he would lead his very first raids as Norse chieftain. After he set foot on the northern shores of modern France, Rollo and his crew raided the nearby settlements and afterwards settled in the proximity of the modern city of Rouen. After hearing the news of Norsemen raiding in the north of the Frankish empire, Charles the Simple, the then king of the Franks, decided to grant Rollo and his men lands between Rouen and the Seine valley.
The lands granted by Charles the Simple were granted to Rollo in exchange for his protection against subsequent incursions on behalf of the Norse war bands. Thus, Rollo became the first Duke of Normandy and so, much more important than that, the ancestor of William the Conqueror. In fact, the region where the Norsemen would later on settle under Rollo’s reign became known as Normandy stemming from the Old French word Normanz, meaning “northman” in translation.
Rollo continued to reign over the region of Rouen until at least 927. After Rollo’s death, his descendants rose to be the Dukes of Normandy. Furthermore, after the conquest of both England and southern Italy at the hands of the Normans during the 11th century, the offspring of Rollo and his men started to reign in Norman England (the House of Normandy) and the Kingdom of Sicily respectively from the 10th to the 12th century AD, as such lasting a significant royal legacy in the history of Europe. http://thedockyards.com/the-historical-truth-behind-rollo/
Page: The historical truth behind Rollo August 11, 2015 VR97
Text: Rollo is one of the main characters of History Channel’s Vikings which is played by the British actor Clive Standen. Although portrayed in the TV series as the brother of Ragnar Lodbrok, in actuality, according to the Norse sagas, Rollo is completely unrelated to the 9th century legendary Viking chieftain. While the producers and writers of History Channel’s Vikings accurately link Rollo as being the first Duke of Normandy, they also exceed to a considerable extent the artistic license in depicting his destiny throughout the three season of the TV series that have been released to date.
According to the same Norse sagas, Rollo was likely born during the late part of the 9th century (in c. 846) in Møre, modern Norway. In spite of the fact that concise details about his origins remain quite obscure even to this date, it is known from his later social status of jarl that he was raised in a family of noble warriors. There is an ongoing controversy between the Danish and the Norwegian historians regarding Rollo’s ethnicity, with both sides claiming he was either Danish or Norwegian.
In most of the Old Norse texts, Rollo is known under the name Hrólfr, Rollo being its translated counterpart in Latin texts. In other sagas, such as the Icelandic ones, Rollo’s name is actually Ganger Hrólf.
What is certainly known about Rollo’s life is that he was the first Duke of Normandy and that he was subsequently baptised under the name Robert. Prior to his arrival in northwest France where he would firstly take part in frequent raids along the Seine river, Rollo journeyed to both Scotland and Ireland where he would lead his very first raids as Norse chieftain. After he set foot on the northern shores of modern France, Rollo and his crew raided the nearby settlements and afterwards settled in the proximity of the modern city of Rouen. After hearing the news of Norsemen raiding in the north of the Frankish empire, Charles the Simple, the then king of the Franks, decided to grant Rollo and his men lands between Rouen and the Seine valley.
The lands granted by Charles the Simple were granted to Rollo in exchange for his protection against subsequent incursions on behalf of the Norse war bands. Thus, Rollo became the first Duke of Normandy and so, much more important than that, the ancestor of William the Conqueror. In fact, the region where the Norsemen would later on settle under Rollo’s reign became known as Normandy stemming from the Old French word Normanz, meaning “northman” in translation.
Rollo continued to reign over the region of Rouen until at least 927. After Rollo’s death, his descendants rose to be the Dukes of Normandy. Furthermore, after the conquest of both England and southern Italy at the hands of the Normans during the 11th century, the offspring of Rollo and his men started to reign in Norman England (the House of Normandy) and the Kingdom of Sicily respectively from the 10th to the 12th century AD, as such lasting a significant royal legacy in the history of Europe. http://thedockyards.com/the-historical-truth-behind-rollo/
Page: The historical truth behind Rollo August 11, 2015 VR97
Text: Rollo is one of the main characters of History Channel’s Vikings which is played by the British actor Clive Standen. Although portrayed in the TV series as the brother of Ragnar Lodbrok, in actuality, according to the Norse sagas, Rollo is completely unrelated to the 9th century legendary Viking chieftain. While the producers and writers of History Channel’s Vikings accurately link Rollo as being the first Duke of Normandy, they also exceed to a considerable extent the artistic license in depicting his destiny throughout the three season of the TV series that have been released to date.
According to the same Norse sagas, Rollo was likely born during the late part of the 9th century (in c. 846) in Møre, modern Norway. In spite of the fact that concise details about his origins remain quite obscure even to this date, it is known from his later social status of jarl that he was raised in a family of noble warriors. There is an ongoing controversy between the Danish and the Norwegian historians regarding Rollo’s ethnicity, with both sides claiming he was either Danish or Norwegian.
In most of the Old Norse texts, Rollo is known under the name Hrólfr, Rollo being its translated counterpart in Latin texts. In other sagas, such as the Icelandic ones, Rollo’s name is actually Ganger Hrólf.
What is certainly known about Rollo’s life is that he was the first Duke of Normandy and that he was subsequently baptised under the name Robert. Prior to his arrival in northwest France where he would firstly take part in frequent raids along the Seine river, Rollo journeyed to both Scotland and Ireland where he would lead his very first raids as Norse chieftain. After he set foot on the northern shores of modern France, Rollo and his crew raided the nearby settlements and afterwards settled in the proximity of the modern city of Rouen. After hearing the news of Norsemen raiding in the north of the Frankish empire, Charles the Simple, the then king of the Franks, decided to grant Rollo and his men lands between Rouen and the Seine valley.
The lands granted by Charles the Simple were granted to Rollo in exchange for his protection against subsequent incursions on behalf of the Norse war bands. Thus, Rollo became the first Duke of Normandy and so, much more important than that, the ancestor of William the Conqueror. In fact, the region where the Norsemen would later on settle under Rollo’s reign became known as Normandy stemming from the Old French word Normanz, meaning “northman” in translation.
Rollo continued to reign over the region of Rouen until at least 927. After Rollo’s death, his descendants rose to be the Dukes of Normandy. Furthermore, after the conquest of both England and southern Italy at the hands of the Normans during the 11th century, the offspring of Rollo and his men started to reign in Norman England (the House of Normandy) and the Kingdom of Sicily respectively from the 10th to the 12th century AD, as such lasting a significant royal legacy in the history of Europe. http://thedockyards.com/the-historical-truth-behind-rollo/